Radiation - Imaging, Therapy, Detection > 자유게시판

Our editors will overview what you’ve submitted and decide whether to revise the article. International Atomic Energy Agency - What is Radiation? The uses of radiation in diagnosis and therapy have multiplied so quickly in recent times that one or another form of radiation is now indispensable in nearly each department of medicine. The many forms of radiation which might be used embrace electromagnetic waves of broadly differing wavelengths (e.g., radio waves, visible mild, ultraviolet radiation, X rays, and gamma rays), as well as particulate radiations of various sorts (e.g., BloodVitals SPO2 electrons, fast neutrons, protons, alpha particles, and pi-mesons). Advances in strategies for acquiring pictures of the body’s inside have significantly improved medical diagnosis. New imaging strategies embrace various X-ray systems, positron emission tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. In all such systems, a beam of X radiation is shot via the patient’s body, and the rays that cross via are recorded by a detection machine. An image is produced by the differential absorption of the X-ray photons by the various buildings of the physique.

For instance, the bones absorb more photons than smooth tissues; they thus forged the sharpest shadows, with the other physique parts (organs, muscles, and so forth.) producing shadows of varying depth. The conventional X-ray system produces an image of all structures in the path of the X-ray beam, in order that a radiograph of, say, the lungs exhibits the ribs positioned in entrance and as well as in again. Such extraneous details often make it troublesome for the physician analyzing the X-ray picture to identify tumours or other abnormalities on the lungs. This drawback has been largely eradicated by computerized tomographic (CT) scanning, which gives a cross-sectional image of the body half being scrutinized. Since its introduction in the 1970s, CT scanning, additionally known as computerized axial tomography (CAT), has come to play a key position in the prognosis and monitoring of many kinds of diseases and abnormalities. In CT scanning a narrow beam of X rays is rotated across the patient, who's surrounded by a number of hundred X-ray photon detectors that measure the power of the penetrating photons from many various angles.

The X-ray information are analyzed, integrated, and reconstructed by a computer to provide pictures of plane sections by the body onto the display screen of a television-like monitor. Computerized tomography permits extra precise and rapid visualization and location of anatomic buildings than has been attainable with strange X-ray techniques. In lots of instances, lesions will be detected with out resorting to exploratory surgical procedure. This imaging method permits physicians to determine patterns of blood stream, blood quantity, oxygen perfusion, and numerous other physiological, metabolic, and immunologic parameters. It is used more and more in prognosis and analysis, particularly of brain and coronary heart functions. PET includes the usage of chemical compounds "labeled" with brief-lived positron-emitting isotopes resembling carbon-eleven and nitrogen-13, positron cameras consisting of photomultiplier-scintillator detectors, and computerized tomographic reconstruction methods. After an appropriately labeled compound has been injected into the physique, quantitative measurements of its exercise are made throughout the sections of the body being scanned by the detectors.

As the radioisotope disintegrates, positrons are annihilated by electrons, giving rise to gamma rays which can be detected simultaneously by the photomultiplier-scintillator combinations positioned on reverse sides of the affected person. This method, additionally referred to as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), entails the beaming of high-frequency radio waves into the patient’s physique whereas it's subjected to a powerful magnetic subject. The nuclei of different atoms in the body absorb radio waves at different frequencies beneath the influence of the magnetic area. The NMR technique makes use of the truth that hydrogen nuclei (protons) reply to an utilized radio frequency by reemitting radio waves of the identical frequency. A computer analyzes the emissions from the hydrogen nuclei of water molecules in body tissues and constructs photos of anatomic constructions based on the concentrations of such nuclei. This use of proton density makes it attainable to provide pictures of tissues which might be comparable, and in some instances superior, in resolution and distinction to these obtained with CT scanning. Moreover, since macroscopic motion impacts NMR alerts, the tactic might be tailored to measure blood movement. The power to picture atoms of fluorine-19, phosphorus-31, and other parts besides hydrogen permit physicians and researchers to make use of the approach for numerous tracer studies as nicely. Radionuclides have come to play a key position in sure diagnostic procedures. Notable among the many radionuclides used for imaging purposes is technetium-99m, a gamma-ray emitter with a six-hour half-life, which diffuses all through the tissues of the body after its administration. Among the many radionuclides suitable for metabolic studies, iodine-131 is among the most generally used. This gamma-ray emitter has a half-life of eight days and concentrates within the thyroid gland, and so supplies a measure of thyroid perform.

What's wearable technology? Wearable know-how is any type of electronic system designed to be worn on the user's body. Such gadgets can take many alternative forms, together with jewelry, equipment, medical units, and clothes or components of clothing. The term wearable computing implies processing or communications capabilities, however, in actuality, the sophistication of such capabilities among wearables can fluctuate. Probably the most superior examples of wearable expertise embody artificial intelligence (AI) hearing aids, BloodVitals SPO2 Meta Quest and Microsoft's HoloLens, a holographic pc within the form of a virtual actuality (VR) headset. An example of a much less advanced form of wearable know-how is a disposable pores and skin patch with sensors that transmit affected person information wirelessly to a management machine in a healthcare facility. How does wearable know-how work? Modern wearable technology falls beneath a broad spectrum of usability, including smartwatches, fitness trackers such because the Fitbit Charge, VR headsets, smart jewelry, web-enabled glasses and Bluetooth headsets. Wearables work otherwise, based on their meant use, equivalent to well being, fitness or leisure.