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ADHD in Adults - Treatment Options

ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4% of the general population. It is associated with a high rate of comorbidity, such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse and significant social, emotional and occupational impairments.

Both medication and psychotherapy are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently prescribed medications.

Medicines

Many adults suffering from ADHD have significant improvement in their symptoms and performance due to medications. Because of the different ways people respond to medications it is crucial for people with ADHD to determine a mix that works best.

Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the most commonly prescribed drugs for adults suffering from ADHD. These stimulants are available as tablets or liquids in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hours. Adults can augment an immediate-release medicine with an extended release long-acting medicine at least every week to lessen the necessity to take it frequently throughout the day.

Antidepressants like desipramine have also been proven to be effective in treatment of adults with ADHD. This class of medications can be used on its own or in combination with stimulants to boost their effects. However, they could increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension.

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists such as alprazolam and clonidine can also be utilized to treat people suffering from ADHD. These medications, originally designed to treat high blood pressure, possess the ability to calm and increase focus and reduce the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity among some adults. However, these medications can cause a drop in blood pressure if they are abruptly cut off or reduced in dosage.

Adults with adhd in adults characterization diagnosis and treatment can also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help them deal with feelings of shame and embarrassment regarding their ADHD and resentment toward co-workers, supervisors teachers, family members and others who may nag or criticize them. Marriage and family counseling can be a great option to help couples with ADHD better understand each other and improve their communication.

Behavioral Therapy

Psychosocial therapy for adults suffering from ADHD is designed to improve daily functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can also assist people with ADHD overcome their low self-esteem and feelings of failure that is often associated with this condition.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that create problems in their lives and to develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as doing. This short-term, goal-oriented type of psychotherapy has been proven to be effective for many illnesses such as anxiety and depression. It can be used alone or in conjunction with other treatments.

CBT can involve group therapy, which can be particularly beneficial for people with ADHD, as it provides the opportunity to meet others who have similar struggles and to learn from others how to get treated for adhd in adults they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or by phone. One study compared the effects of CBT in comparison to standard therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments produced improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms and quality of life.

Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD and all have shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms with medium to large effect size. These improvements were associated with diverse approaches such as cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving, and mindfulness meditation.

However, caution is required when comparing the effectiveness of various treatments for adult ADHD. It is likely that differences in outcome results depend on a variety of factors, including treatment characteristics, measures employed and the background of the patient. A few studies have looked into the effectiveness of neurofeedback, a technique that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while doing cognitive tasks to identify areas of the brain where there is too much or little activity, and instructing the person to manage these patterns.

Counseling

Many people with ADHD have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can address these problems that may be contributing adhd in adults characterization diagnosis and treatment symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy techniques that can help improve a person’s ability to manage conflicts and create meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help manage impulsive, self-destructive, and negative behavior that can create difficulties at school or at work.

In some cases psychotherapy may be utilized as an adjunct to medications for adult adhd in adults treatment. People who have comorbid conditions such as bipolar disorder, and addiction to drugs need to be evaluated carefully to ensure they do not have symptoms that cannot be improved by the medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history or seizures, need to be treated more aggressively.

When ADHD is sufficient to cause problems with everyday functioning and quality of life, intensive outpatient programs may be suggested. These programs provide more intense and organized treatment than traditional outpatient therapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a form of cognitive therapy, aids adults suffering from ADHD to improve their ability to manage time planning, impulse control and executive function. It helps them identify and express their emotions and uses worksheets and activities to make the learning more engaging. The practice of mindfulness meditation improves CBT and improves the ability of a person to concentrate and regulate emotions. It also increases a person's capacity to manage the effects of stress and arousal. It can help them cope with anger, sadness, and other emotional issues that may be contributing towards their ADHD.

Occupational Therapy

Adults with ADHD often have difficulties functioning at home and at work. In addition to impacting work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and may cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues will help you build confidence in yourself and address the root of the issue. It can also help you develop healthy coping strategies.

Cognitive-behavioral treatment is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD because it teaches them how to change their negative beliefs and behaviors. It concentrates on teaching you to use strategies to manage your time and eliminate thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and a perception of a limited range of choices.

Many people who suffer from ADHD also have comorbid anxiety or depression. These psychiatric illnesses may aggravate or diminish the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbid disorder first and then monitor the effect of medication prior to attempting treatment for the other disorder.

Occupational therapy can help you organize your work and life by establishing predictable routines, manage your money and time and build confidence in yourself. It will also help you learn relaxation techniques that could reduce your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Additionally, yoga and other exercise can help you focus better by ensuring your body is stable in different poses.

Marriage and family counseling can address the issues people with ADHD frequently create for their spouses, children and other family members. They often complain about being insecure, unorganized, and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. You can strengthen relationships by teaching your spouses and other family members about ADHD. Furthermore, it can help you and your loved ones understand that these problems are related to the patient's ADHD rather than to a lack of caring or refusing to cooperate.

Clinical Trials

Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that is very common. It is often associated with comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression and abuse disorders. Psychosocial and medication interventions are available as treatment options. There are a variety of medications available for adults with ADHD and a few of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have highlighted the strengths and drawbacks of the various medications.

Adults suffering from ADHD suffer from the same issues as children, but it can be difficult to identify them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist until adulthood. In addition, adults with ADHD might not have a history of the disorder in their families or may not be aware of experiencing symptoms. It is essential to take a thorough medical history in order to determine if the symptoms are related to an illness, like thyroid issues, sleep apnea or hearing and vision issues.

Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medication for treating adults with ADHD, and their responsiveness rates are in the 70%-80 percent range. The most frequently used stimulants are methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds. Methylphenidate is also administered through a transdermal system. This permits continuous medication delivery during the day.

Adults with ADHD can take non medication treatment for adhd adults-stimulant drugs that are based on norepinephrine, or dopamine. Desipramine is the most researched tricyclic and has been shown to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a low dose medicine and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every seven days until the desired effect is observed.

Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant that has been shown to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that is effective in blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transporter, increasing its availability in brain. The drug is known to improve mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity however, it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.